Describe the conventional goals of adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery, including sagittal alignment correction and associated disability measures such as the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).
Critically assess the evidence supporting the correlation between radiographic parameters (e.g., SVA, PI-LL mismatch) and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing deformity surgery.
Compare and contrast the clinical impact of spinal alignment correction versus neural decompression in improving patient-reported outcomes.
Interpret the limitations of current alignment-based surgical paradigms and explore alternative explanatory models for functional improvement in ASD patients.
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Recognize the potential role of systemic factors such as deconditioning, sarcopenia, and frailty in the development and treatment outcomes of degenerative spinal deformity.
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Apply an individualized, phenotype-specific approach to surgical decision-making that integrates radiographic, neurological, musculoskeletal, and psychosocial factors.
